i9-12900K vs i5-4590
Aggregate performance score
Core i9-12900K outperforms Core i5-4590 by a whopping 672% based on our aggregate benchmark results.
Primary details
Comparing Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K processor market type (desktop or notebook), architecture, sales start time and price.
| Place in the ranking | 1567 | 191 |
| Place by popularity | 51 | not in top-100 |
| Cost-effectiveness evaluation | 0.71 | 37.32 |
| Market segment | Desktop processor | Desktop processor |
| Series | Core i5 (Desktop) | Intel Core i9 |
| Power efficiency | 3.81 | 19.76 |
| Architecture codename | Haswell (2013−2015) | Alder Lake, Golden Cove, Gracemont (2021) |
| Release date | 1 May 2014 (10 years ago) | 4 November 2021 (3 years ago) |
| Launch price (MSRP) | $202 | $589 |
Cost-effectiveness evaluation
Performance per price, higher is better.
i9-12900K has 5156% better value for money than i5-4590.
Detailed specifications
Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K basic parameters such as number of cores, number of threads, base frequency and turbo boost clock, lithography, cache size and multiplier lock state. These parameters indirectly say of CPU speed, though for more precise assessment you have to consider their test results.
| Physical cores | 4 (Quad-Core) | 16 (Hexadeca-Core) |
| Threads | 4 | 24 |
| Base clock speed | 3.3 GHz | 3.2 GHz |
| Boost clock speed | 3.7 GHz | 5.2 GHz |
| Bus type | no data | DMI 4.0 |
| Bus rate | 5 GT/s | 8 × 16 GT/s |
| Multiplier | no data | 32 |
| L1 cache | 64K (per core) | 80K (per core) |
| L2 cache | 256K (per core) | 1.25 MB (per core) |
| L3 cache | 6 MB (shared) | 30 MB (shared) |
| Chip lithography | 22 nm | 10 nm |
| Die size | 177 mm2 | 215.25 mm2" |
| Maximum core temperature | no data | 100 °C |
| Maximum case temperature (TCase) | 72 °C | 72 °C |
| Number of transistors | 1,400 million | no data |
| 64 bit support | + | + |
| Windows 11 compatibility | - | + |
| Unlocked multiplier | - | + |
Compatibility
Information on Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K compatibility with other computer components: motherboard (look for socket type), power supply unit (look for power consumption) etc. Useful when planning a future computer configuration or upgrading an existing one. Note that power consumption of some processors can well exceed their nominal TDP, even without overclocking. Some can even double their declared thermals given that the motherboard allows to tune the CPU power parameters.
| Number of CPUs in a configuration | 1 | 1 |
| Socket | FCLGA1150 | FCLGA1700 |
| Power consumption (TDP) | 84 Watt | 125 Watt |
Technologies and extensions
Technological solutions and additional instructions supported by Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K. You'll probably need this information if you require some particular technology.
| Instruction set extensions | Intel® SSE4.1, Intel® SSE4.2, Intel® AVX2 | Intel® SSE4.1, Intel® SSE4.2, Intel® AVX2 |
| AES-NI | + | + |
| AVX | + | + |
| vPro | + | + |
| Enhanced SpeedStep (EIST) | + | + |
| Speed Shift | no data | + |
| My WiFi | + | no data |
| Turbo Boost Technology | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Hyper-Threading Technology | - | + |
| Idle States | + | + |
| Thermal Monitoring | + | + |
| SIPP | + | + |
| Turbo Boost Max 3.0 | no data | + |
| FDI | + | no data |
| Deep Learning Boost | - | + |
Security technologies
Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K technologies aimed at improving security, for example, by protecting against hacks.
| TXT | + | + |
| EDB | + | + |
| Secure Key | + | + |
| Identity Protection | + | - |
| OS Guard | + | + |
| Anti-Theft | + | no data |
Virtualization technologies
Virtual machine speed-up technologies supported by Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K are enumerated here.
| AMD-V | + | - |
| VT-d | + | + |
| VT-x | + | + |
| EPT | + | + |
Memory specs
Types, maximum amount and channel quantity of RAM supported by Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K. Depending on the motherboard, higher memory frequencies may be supported.
| Supported memory types | DDR3 | DDR4, DDR5 |
| Maximum memory size | 32 GB | 128 GB |
| Max memory channels | 2 | 2 |
| Maximum memory bandwidth | 25.6 GB/s | 76.805 GB/s |
| ECC memory support | - | + |
Graphics specifications
General parameters of integrated GPUs, if any.
| Integrated graphics card Compare | Intel HD Graphics 4600 | Intel UHD Graphics 770 |
| Max video memory | 2 GB | no data |
| Quick Sync Video | + | + |
| Clear Video HD | + | + |
| Graphics max frequency | 1.15 GHz | 1.55 GHz |
| Execution Units | no data | 32 |
| InTru 3D | + | no data |
Graphics interfaces
Available interfaces and connections of Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K integrated GPUs.
| Number of displays supported | 3 | 4 |
| eDP | + | no data |
| DisplayPort | + | - |
| HDMI | + | - |
| VGA | + | no data |
Graphics image quality
Maximum display resolutions supported by Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K integrated GPUs, including resolutions over different interfaces.
| Max resolution over HDMI 1.4 | 4096x2304@24Hz | 4096 x 2160 @ 60Hz |
| Max resolution over eDP | 3840x2160@60Hz | 5120 x 3200 @ 120Hz |
| Max resolution over DisplayPort | 3840x2160@60Hz | 7680 x 4320 @ 60Hz |
| Max resolution over VGA | 1920x1200@60Hz | no data |
Graphics API support
APIs supported by Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K integrated GPUs, sometimes API versions are included.
| DirectX | 11.2/12 | 12 |
| OpenGL | 4.3 | 4.5 |
Peripherals
Specifications and connection of peripherals supported by Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K.
| PCIe version | Up to 3.0 | 5.0 and 4.0 |
| PCI Express lanes | 16 | 20 |
Synthetic benchmark performance
Various benchmark results of the processors in comparison. Overall score is measured in points in 0-100 range, higher is better.
Combined synthetic benchmark score
This is our combined benchmark performance rating. We are regularly improving our combining algorithms, but if you find some perceived inconsistencies, feel free to speak up in comments section, we usually fix problems quickly.
Passmark
Passmark CPU Mark is a widespread benchmark, consisting of 8 different types of workload, including integer and floating point math, extended instructions, compression, encryption and physics calculation. There is also one separate single-threaded scenario measuring single-core performance.
GeekBench 5 Single-Core
GeekBench 5 Single-Core is a cross-platform application developed in the form of CPU tests that independently recreate certain real-world tasks with which to accurately measure performance. This version uses only a single CPU core.
GeekBench 5 Multi-Core
GeekBench 5 Multi-Core is a cross-platform application developed in the form of CPU tests that independently recreate certain real-world tasks with which to accurately measure performance. This version uses all available CPU cores.
Cinebench 10 32-bit single-core
Cinebench R10 is an ancient ray tracing benchmark for processors by Maxon, authors of Cinema 4D. Its single core version uses just one CPU thread to render a futuristic looking motorcycle.
Cinebench 10 32-bit multi-core
Cinebench Release 10 Multi Core is a variant of Cinebench R10 using all the processor threads. Possible number of threads is limited by 16 in this version.
Cinebench 11.5 64-bit multi-core
Cinebench Release 11.5 Multi Core is a variant of Cinebench R11.5 which uses all the processor threads. A maximum of 64 threads is supported in this version.
Cinebench 15 64-bit multi-core
Cinebench Release 15 Multi Core is a variant of Cinebench R15 which uses all the processor threads.
Cinebench 15 64-bit single-core
Cinebench R15 (standing for Release 15) is a benchmark made by Maxon, authors of Cinema 4D. It was superseded by later versions of Cinebench, which use more modern variants of Cinema 4D engine. The Single Core version (sometimes called Single-Thread) only uses a single processor thread to render a room full of reflective spheres and light sources.
Cinebench 11.5 64-bit single-core
Cinebench R11.5 is an old benchmark by Maxon, authors of Cinema 4D. It was superseded by later versions of Cinebench, which use more modern variants of Cinema 4D engine. The Single Core version loads a single thread with ray tracing to render a glossy room full of crystal spheres and light sources.
Pros & cons summary
| Performance score | 3.38 | 26.09 |
| Integrated graphics card | 1.84 | 6.16 |
| Recency | 1 May 2014 | 4 November 2021 |
| Physical cores | 4 | 16 |
| Threads | 4 | 24 |
| Chip lithography | 22 nm | 10 nm |
| Power consumption (TDP) | 84 Watt | 125 Watt |
i5-4590 has 48.8% lower power consumption.
i9-12900K, on the other hand, has a 671.9% higher aggregate performance score, 234.8% faster integrated GPU, an age advantage of 7 years, 300% more physical cores and 500% more threads, and a 120% more advanced lithography process.
The Core i9-12900K is our recommended choice as it beats the Core i5-4590 in performance tests.
Should you still have questions on choice between Core i5-4590 and Core i9-12900K, ask them in Comments section, and we shall answer.
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